Computer programming languages are developed with the primary objective of facilitating a large number of people to use computers without the need for them to know in detail the internal structure of the computer. Languages are designed to be machine-independent. Most of programming languages ideally designed, to execute a program on any computer regardless of who manufactured it or what model it is.
Programming languages can be divided into two categories:
i) Machine oriented languages
The languages whose design in governed by circuitry and the structure of the machine is known as machine language. This language is difficult to learn and use. It is specific to a given computer and is different for different computers i.e. these languages are machine-dependent. These languages have been designed to give better machine efficiency, i.e. faster program execution. Such languages are also known as low level languages.
ii) Problem oriented languages
These languages are particularly oriented towards describing the procedures for solving the problem in a concise, precise and unambiguous manner. Every high level language follows a precise set of rules. They are developed to allow application programs to be run on a variety of the computers. These languages are machine independent. Languages falling in this category FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL etc. They are easy to learn programs may be written in these languages with much less effort. However, the computer cannot understand them and they need to be translated into machine language with the help of other programs known as compiler or translators.
* Features of C language
1) structured
A structured language offers a variety of programming possibilities such as WHILE, DO WHILE, FOR LOOPS AND function. Example: Pascal, C C++, java etc
2) portability:
portability means C has an ability of program to run in different environment. Different environment could refer to different computer, OS or compilers where as machines or assembly language varies from computer to computer hence program written in this language are not portable.
Example of portable language are pascal, Fortran, C etc.
3) flexibility:
C language is used for developing system level software ( such as OS, compiler) as well as application software.
4) Modularity
C allows facility that programs can be broken down into a series of identifiable sub task. It is a good programming practice to implement each of this sub as a separate program module. In C such modules are return as function. The use of a modular programming structure enhances the accuracy and clarity of program and it facilities future program alteration.
5) Robust Language:
C is robust language whose rich set of built-in-functions and operators can be used to write any complex program. It combines the capability of an assembly language with the features of a high level language and therefore it is well suited for writting both system software and business packages.
*Uses of C Language
C language is used for developing system applications that forms major portion of operating system such as Windows, UNIX and Linux. Below are some example of C being used.
1. Database system
2. Operating system development
3. Graphics packages
4. compilers and Assemblers
5. Network drivers
6. Word processors
7. spread sheets
8. interpreters
* 3 Levels Of Different Languages
1. High Level
High level languages provides almost everythings that the programmer might need to do as already built into the language.
Ex. JAVA, Python
2. middle Level
C language is belong to middle level of language
Middle level languages don't provide all the built-in functions found in high level languages, but provides all building blocks that we need to produce the result we want.
Ex. C, C++
3) Low Level
Low level languages provides nothing other than access to the machines basic instruction set
Ex. Assembler
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